With the vigorous development of the electric vehicle market and the accelerated advancement of the global energy transformation, solid-state battery technology has become a key area that major enterprises are competing to layout. Compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries use non-flammable ceramic electrolyte powders, which greatly enhance safety and stability. This article will deeply explore the key applications of ceramic solid-state electrolytes in solid-state batteries and analyze the latest layout and breakthroughs of domestic and foreign enterprises in this field.
Ceramic-based solid-state electrolytes have become the ideal choice for solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and chemical stability. These materials can effectively conduct ions between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to ensure the normal operation of the battery. Compared to traditional liquid electrolytes, ceramic electrolytes significantly reduce the risks of thermal runaway and electrolyte leakage, further enhancing the safety of the battery.
Tungstate ceramics and perovskite oxide ceramics, as cathode and anode materials respectively, exhibit excellent ionic and electronic conductivity. These ceramic materials can not only increase the energy density and power output of the battery but also promote the fuel oxidation reaction, providing strong support for the development of solid-state batteries.
Ceramic materials, with their outstanding mechanical strength and thermal stability, play a crucial role in packaging and protection in solid-state batteries. These materials can effectively resist the erosion of the external environment on the internal components of the battery, prevent mechanical damage and oxidation of the battery, thereby extending the service life of the battery.
By introducing ceramic-based interface regulation materials between the electrodes and the electrolyte, the compatibility and charge transfer efficiency between the two can be significantly improved. This innovative technology provides important support for enhancing the overall performance of solid-state batteries.
In the production process of solid-state batteries, zirconia beads, as a key grinding medium, play an irreplaceable role. Due to their high hardness, high strength, and excellent wear resistance, zirconia beads can achieve efficient refinement and uniform dispersion of raw materials in the preparation process of ceramic electrolyte powders. Through high-speed grinding of zirconia beads, the uniformity and particle size of ceramic powders can be greatly improved, thereby enhancing the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of solid-state batteries.
In addition, during the mixing and grinding process, zirconia beads can effectively prevent the occurrence of powder agglomeration and ensure the uniform distribution of ceramic electrolyte materials. This is crucial for improving the overall performance of solid-state batteries and also helps to improve the manufacturing accuracy and consistency of the batteries.
As a global leading company in solid-state battery ceramic electrolytes, ION Storage Systems (ION) has achieved significant breakthroughs in the field of solid-state batteries with its unique 3D ceramic structure technology. The strategic cooperation between ION and Saint-Gobain, one of the world's largest ceramic suppliers, ensures a stable supply of key raw materials and lays a solid foundation for large-scale production.
The core of ION's new solid-state battery adopts high-tech ceramic powder produced by Saint-Gobain, and its positive and negative electrodes adopt a porous structure design combined with a dense, thin-layer solid electrolyte, which significantly improves the energy storage capacity of the battery. This year, ION announced that it will build the largest solid-state battery factory in the United States in Maryland, planning to achieve a production capacity of 10 MWh in 2025 and striving to reach an annual production capacity of 500 MWh in 2028.
Domestic enterprises are also actively laying out in the aspect of oxide ceramic-based solid-state electrolytes and have made significant progress. Several enterprises, including Tianmu Xiandao, Qingtao Energy, Ganfeng Lithium, and Shanghai Xiba, have the ability to mass-produce solid-state electrolytes such as LATP, LLZO, and LLTO.
Tianmu Xiandao has successfully mass-produced LATP powder with a particle size D50 of 4 μm and an ionic conductivity of over 0.1 mS/cm. In addition, it also provides LATP ionic conductor oil-based slurries and LATP-coated diaphragms, demonstrating strong mass production capabilities.
Qingtao Energy has achieved mass production of LLZO and LLTO ceramic powders and produces different types of ionic conductor composite diaphragms. These products have laid a solid foundation for the industrialization of solid-state batteries.
Ganfeng Lithium has the ability to produce more than one hundred tons of garnet-type and NASICON-type oxide solid-state electrolytes. The ionic conductivity of the electrolytes it produces has reached the industry-leading level, providing strong support for the research and development and production of solid-state batteries.
Shanghai Xiba, through cooperation with the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is actively promoting the mass production of solid-state lithium battery powder materials, further consolidating its leading position in the field of advanced materials.
Ceramic-based solid-state electrolytes have become the core driving force for the development of solid-state battery technology with their excellent performance. In this process, zirconia beads, as a key grinding medium, provide important support for the preparation of ceramic electrolyte powders. With the continuous growth of the global market's demand for efficient and safe batteries, the layout and innovation of domestic and foreign enterprises in the field of ceramic-based solid-state electrolytes will promote solid-state battery technology to a new height. In the future competition, enterprises that master advanced ceramic electrolyte technology and key material technologies such as zirconia beads will occupy a favorable position and lead the development trend of the industry.
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